What is the clinical evidence from this study?

Study design: Cross-Sectional. Population: Hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes (n=200). Intervention: Hypertension plus Diabetes vs. Hypertension alone. Primary outcome: Mean systolic blood pressure (mmHg) (p=<0.001).

August 15, 2022Open Access

A Cross Sectional Study; Comparison of Diagnostic Parameters and Comorbid Conditions in Hypertension Alone and Hypertension Plus Diabetes

Q: What are the key findings of this study?

Hypertensive diabetic patients had significantly lower mean systolic blood pressure (136.62 mmHg) compared to patients with hypertension alone (146.66 mmHg), but exhibited a higher prevalence of end-organ damage (57% vs 44%).

Key Result

Hypertensive diabetic patients had significantly lower mean systolic blood pressure (136.62 mmHg) compared to patients with hypertension alone (146.66 mmHg), but exhibited a higher prevalence of end-organ damage (57% vs 44%).

Study Design

Type

Cross-Sectional (n=200)

Multicenter

Structured PICO

Does the coexistence of diabetes in hypertensive patients alter clinical and laboratory profiles and increase the prevalence of end-organ damage compared to hypertension alone?

Population

200 adults above 18 years of age diagnosed with essential hypertension (JNC 7), divided into 100 with hypertension alone and 100 with hypertension and diabetes. Excluded: pregnant females, secondary hypertension, gestational DM, and Type 1 DM. Conducted at a single tertiary hospital in India.

Comparator

Hypertension alone versus Hypertension plus Diabetes Mellitus

Outcome

Clinical profile, laboratory features, and vulnerability to end organ damage (assessed via 2D Echo, Fundoscopy, USG Abdomen, and ECG)

The coexistence of diabetes and hypertension is associated with a higher prevalence of end-organ damage and worse metabolic profiles compared to hypertension alone, highlighting the need for comprehensive metabolic screening.

Main Result

Absolute Event Rate: 136.62% vs 146.66%

p-value: p=<0.001

Limitations

The research was carried out at a single tertiary city hospital, limiting generalizability to the entire community or remote locations.
Small sample size.
Cross-sectional design lacks follow-up visits to provide additional relevant details over time.

Abstract

Comorbidities such as hypertension and type 2 diabetes are widespread. Hypertension is twice as common in diabetic individuals as it is in non-diabetics. The purpose of this research was to better understand the clinical profile, laboratory features, and vulnerability to end organ damage in hypertensive patients with and without diabetes. Method: This was a cross-sectional observational study conducted in the outpatient and inpatient departments of Medicine. Study participants were divided into two groups according to their presence of hypertension or diabetes mellitus. Patients were examined clinically and the data was further analysed using statistical methods. We observed th Results: e mean age of 53.08 years (±11.48) and 55.96 years (±11.23) with no associations between the age group and gender of the hypertensive patient group (p<0.344) and the hypertensive diabetic group (p<0.597). The most frequent symptom of presentation in both groups was a headache. There was a significant statistical difference in mean systolic blood pressure between hypertensive and hypertensive-diabetic group t (165.8) =4.643, p<0.001. Our study shows a higher value of mean HbA1c, mean postprandial glucose levels, and mean fasting blood glucose levels in the hypertensive diabetic group as compared to the hypertensive group. Our study demonstrated that end organ damage Conclusion: was more prevalent in hypertensive diabetic individuals, indicating the effect of diabetes-hypertension co-morbidity on target organs.

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