Acute infection-triggered encephalopathy is a complex disorder driven by dysregulated immune responses, defective energy metabolism, and excessive neuronal excitation, influenced by multiple genetic and environmental risk factors.
Acute encephalopathy is a constellation of syndromes in which immune response, metabolism and neuronal excitation are affected in a variable fashion. Most of the syndromes are complex disorders, caused or aggravated by multiple, genetic and environmental risk factors. Environmental factors include pathogenic microorganisms of the antecedent infection such as influenza virus, human herpesvirus-6 and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli , and drugs such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, valproate and theophylline. Genetic factors include mutations such as rare variants of the SCN1A and RANBP2 genes, and polymorphisms such as thermolabile CPT2 variants and HLA genotypes. By altering immune response, metabolism or neuronal excitation, these factors complicate the pathologic process. On the other hand, some of them could provide promising targets to prevent or treat acute encephalopathy.
Mizuguchi et al. (Tue,) conducted a review in Acute infection-triggered encephalopathy. Genetic and environmental risk factors was evaluated. Acute infection-triggered encephalopathy is a complex disorder driven by dysregulated immune responses, defective energy metabolism, and excessive neuronal excitation, influenced by multiple genetic and environmental risk factors.