Non-obstructive HCM patients demonstrated greater direct flow proportions on 4D-flow CMR compared with controls (47.9% vs. 39.4%, P=0.002), indicating diminished volumetric reserve.
Case-Control (n=51)
Does 4D-flow CMR component analysis reveal altered ventricular blood flow patterns that correlate with phenotypic severity and sudden cardiac death risk in patients with non-obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
4D-flow CMR reveals that non-obstructive HCM patients have a distinctive flow pattern with greater direct flow proportions that correlate with phenotypic severity and sudden cardiac death risk, indicating diminished volumetric reserve.
Absolute Event Rate: 47.9% vs 39.4%
p-value: p=0.002
AIMS: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is characterized by hypercontractility and diastolic dysfunction, which alter blood flow haemodynamics and are linked with increased risk of adverse clinical events. Four-dimensional flow cardiac magnetic resonance (4D-flow CMR) enables comprehensive characterization of ventricular blood flow patterns. We characterized flow component changes in non-obstructive HCM and assessed their relationship with phenotypic severity and sudden cardiac death (SCD) risk. METHODS AND RESULTS: Fifty-one participants (37 non-obstructive HCM and 14 matched controls) underwent 4D-flow CMR. Left-ventricular (LV) end-diastolic volume was separated into four components: direct flow (blood transiting the ventricle within one cycle), retained inflow (blood entering the ventricle and retained for one cycle), delayed ejection flow (retained ventricular blood ejected during systole), and residual volume (ventricular blood retained for >two cycles). Flow component distribution and component end-diastolic kinetic energy/mL were estimated. HCM patients demonstrated greater direct flow proportions compared with controls (47.9 ± 9% vs. 39.4 ± 6%, P = 0.002), with reduction in other components. Direct flow proportions correlated with LV mass index (r = 0.40, P = 0.004), end-diastolic volume index (r = -0.40, P = 0.017), and SCD risk (r = 0.34, P = 0.039). In contrast to controls, in HCM, stroke volume decreased with increasing direct flow proportions, indicating diminished volumetric reserve. There was no difference in component end-diastolic kinetic energy/mL. CONCLUSION: Non-obstructive HCM possesses a distinctive flow component distribution pattern characterised by greater direct flow proportions, and direct flow-stroke volume uncoupling indicative of diminished cardiac reserve. The correlation of direct flow proportion with phenotypic severity and SCD risk highlight its potential as a novel and sensitive haemodynamic measure of cardiovascular risk in HCM.
Ashkir et al. (Fri,) conducted a case-control in Non-obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (n=51). 4D-flow CMR vs. Matched controls was evaluated on Direct flow proportions (p=0.002). Non-obstructive HCM patients demonstrated greater direct flow proportions on 4D-flow CMR compared with controls (47.9% vs. 39.4%, P=0.002), indicating diminished volumetric reserve.
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