Interval-Valued p,q-Rung Orthopair Fuzzy Exponential TODIM Approach and Its Application to Green Supplier Selection

An interval-valued q-rung orthopair fuzzy set (IVqrOFS) is a robust and esteemed model in managing imprecise information, utilizing a controllable parameter q≥1. Expanding its applicability, we propose a refinement to it, termed the interval-valued p,q-rung orthopair fuzzy set, denoted IVp,qrOFS. This advancement enables the handling of scenarios where varied assessment levels for membership and non-membership grades are necessary, a challenge unaddressed by existing extensions of interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy sets. We establish the fundamental mathematical operations for the IVp,qrOFS and explore their key properties. To compare interval-valued p,q-rung orthopair fuzzy (IVp,qrOF) numbers, a novel score function is put forward and compared to the known IVqrOFS-based score functions to determine its viability. Moreover, we present IVp,qrOF aggregation operators (AOs), accompanied by rigorous proof of their essential characteristics, including boundedness, monotonicity, and symmetry. This study introduces the interaction of IVp,qrOF criteria through the inter-criteria correlation (CRITIC) approach. This method determines criteria weights based on the proposed distance measurements and the score function. The CRITIC method is integrated with the exponential TODIM approach (exp-TODIM), resulting in an innovative decision-making framework that is less susceptible to parameter fluctuations and showcases a high stability. An illustrative example of selecting a suitable supplier is provided to demonstrate the practical application of the developed exp-TODIM approach. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is conducted to exhibit the method’s stability, and a comparative analysis is performed to elucidate its strengths and advantages.