Persistent Achilles tendon thickening in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia was associated with a significantly higher risk of major adverse cardiovascular events compared to those without thickening (HR 6.34).
Cohort (n=1,273)
No
Does the change in Achilles tendon thickening status predict major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia?
Changes in Achilles tendon thickness over time provide valuable diagnostic and prognostic information for risk-stratifying cardiovascular events in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia.
Hazard Ratio: 6.34 (95% CI 3.1–9.58)
p-value: p=<0.001
Abstract Background Achilles tendon thickening (ATT) can be ameliorated by lowering low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). The Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) defines ATT as ≥8.0 mm in males and ≥7.5 mm in females. We aimed to determine the clinical impact of changes in ATT on the development of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Methods Patients with clinically diagnosed heterozygous FH (HeFH) (N = 1273; 614 males, 659 females) with ATT data from X-ray were assessed. Patients were divided into four groups: patients without ATT from baseline until follow-up (group 1), patients without ATT at baseline but developed ATT at follow-up (group 2), patients with ATT at baseline but regressed at follow-up (group 3), and patients with ATT from baseline until follow-up (group 4). Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the factors associated with MACE, including cardiovascular death and any coronary events. Results On follow-up (median: 10.9 years), 142 MACEs were observed, and the median ATT regressed from 7.8 to 7.6 mm. Changes in ATT were significantly associated with the occurrence of MACE in all groups, when compared to group 1 (hazard ratio HR: 2.73; 95% confidence interval CI: 1.33–4.13 p < 0.001, HR: 2.18, 95% CI: 1.08–3.28, p < 0.001, HR: 6.34, 95% CI: 3.10–9.58, p < 0.001, in groups 2, 3, and 4, respectively). Conclusions Assessing ATT has diagnostic value and allows for risk stratification among patients with HeFH.
Tada et al. (Sun,) conducted a cohort in Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (n=1,273). Persistent Achilles tendon thickening (ATT) vs. No Achilles tendon thickening from baseline to follow-up was evaluated on Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), including cardiovascular death and any coronary events (HR 6.34, 95% CI 3.10-9.58, p=<0.001). Persistent Achilles tendon thickening in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia was associated with a significantly higher risk of major adverse cardiovascular events compared to those without thickening (HR 6.34).