Enhancing accessibility for improved diagnosis with modified EfficientNetV2-S and cyclic learning rate strategy in women with disabilities and breast cancer

Breast cancer, a prevalent cancer among women worldwide, necessitates precise and prompt detection for successful treatment. While conventional histopathological examination is the benchmark, it is a lengthy process and prone to variations among different observers. Employing machine learning to automate the diagnosis of breast cancer presents a viable option, striving to improve both precision and speed. Previous studies have primarily focused on applying various machine learning and deep learning models for the classification of breast cancer images. These methodologies leverage convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and other advanced algorithms to differentiate between benign and malignant tumors from histopathological images. Current models, despite their potential, encounter obstacles related to generalizability, computational performance, and managing datasets with imbalances. Additionally, a significant number of these models do not possess the requisite transparency and interpretability, which are vital for medical diagnostic purposes. To address these limitations, our study introduces an advanced machine learning model based on EfficientNetV2. This model incorporates state-of-the-art techniques in image processing and neural network architecture, aiming to improve accuracy, efficiency, and robustness in classification. We employed the EfficientNetV2 model, fine-tuned for the specific task of breast cancer image classification. Our model underwent rigorous training and validation using the BreakHis dataset, which includes diverse histopathological images. Advanced data preprocessing, augmentation techniques, and a cyclical learning rate strategy were implemented to enhance model performance. The introduced model exhibited remarkable efficacy, attaining an accuracy rate of 99.68%, balanced precision and recall as indicated by a significant F1 score, and a considerable Cohen’s Kappa value. These indicators highlight the model’s proficiency in correctly categorizing histopathological images, surpassing current techniques in reliability and effectiveness. The research emphasizes improved accessibility, catering to individuals with disabilities and the elderly. By enhancing visual representation and interpretability, the proposed approach aims to make strides in inclusive medical image interpretation, ensuring equitable access to diagnostic information.