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Changes in the real and imaginary parts of the waveguide effective index in the presence of analytes have been used in various microcavity and slow light devices for on-chip sensing and absorption spectroscopy respectively in diverse applications. Periodically patterned waveguide sensors in interferometer configurations can lead to small interferometer sizes comparable in dimensions to microcavity resonator sensors, and/or significantly higher sensitivities compared to resonator type sensors. We show our work with compact silicon photonic interferometer devices for on-chip biosensing and absorbance sensing, overcoming fabrication tolerances with post-fabrication phase trimming.
Chakravarty et al. (2024) studied this question.