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The paper outlines the urgency and strategies for transitioning from fossil fuels to renewable energy discussed at the 2023 Climate Change Conference (COP28). It emphasizes the Paris Agreement's role and highlights the environmental harm of fossil fuels, advocating for sustainable alternatives like solar, wind, hydro, and geothermal power. This transition is crucial for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promoting economic and health benefits. Key findings reveal advancements in renewable technologies, resulting in job creation, energy independence, and improved health due to reduced pollution. However, the transition faces challenges such as high initial costs and the need for advanced infrastructure, particularly in developing countries. The paper underscores the importance of sustainable mining for essential materials like lithium and cobalt, and references António Guterres's "five-point energy plan" as a strategic approach to address these issues. In conclusion, the paper stresses the necessity of global collaboration among governments, businesses, and civil societies. It asserts that the path to sustainable energy is rich with opportunities for innovation, growth, and equitable progress, providing a comprehensive roadmap for a feasible and just energy transition for all nations.
Yu et al. (Mon,) studied this question.