The Role of Roman Law in the Formation of the State and Modern Law

Abstract The research aims to determine the role that Roman law played in the development of modern jurisprudence. Several methods of theoretical cognition were used in the course of the study, such as analysis, synthesis, comparison, specification, and generalization. As a result, some conclusions have been reached, in particular, that the mechanisms and principles of the Roman legal order, which have existed for many centuries, remain relevant in the modern legal context, and have influenced the formation of political and institutional structures, especially in the field of market relations and economic development. In addition, the study identifies how different branches of Roman law have influenced the further development of jurisprudence. Roman public law (ius publicum) influenced the development of constitutional law in modern countries by regulating relations between the state and citizens. Roman private law (ius privatum) defined the foundations of modern civil law systems, regulating the rights and obligations of citizens among themselves. Also, with the development of trade in Rome, the concept of ius gentium or “law of nations” emerged, which became the basis of modern international law through the formalization of rules and regulations governing the international exchange and circulation of goods.