Clinical Profile and Pattern of Congenital Heart Disease in Neonates and Immediate Outcome Based on Oxygen Saturation

Background:The most prevalent kind of congenital defect in infants is congenital heart disease (CHD).Early diagnosis of CHD is very important for timely management.Age of presentation varies on the type and severity of the defect.In the absence of visible cyanosis many cyanotic CHD could be misdiagnosed as acyanotic CHD.The main aim of the present study was to study the clinical profile and CHD pattern based on functional classification and their immediate outcome based on oxygen saturation (SpO2).Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary health care centre in central India.Neonates with clinical features of CHD and diagnostically confirmed by echocardiography were included.Neonates with CHD were categorized based on various parameters and functional classification and their immediate outcome was interpreted based on SpO2.Results: A total of 126 patients were detected to have significant congenital heart disease.Most of the neonates presented in 4 th week of life.The most common presentation was tachypnea followed by cyanosis and shock.Among acyanotic CHD, ventricular septal defect (VSD) was the most common while the commonest cyanotic CHD was transposition of great arteries (TGA).About 3/4 th of patients had SpO2 > 90%, and only about 12 (10%) had SpO2 below 85%.Conclusion: Acyanotic CHD presents later in neonatal life compared to cyanotic CHD.Most of the neonates with CHD, who were in cyanotic group had SpO2 between 85-90% without any visible cyanosis.Outcome of CHD in neonates is poor with increasing hypoxemia.