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The aim of this paper is to examine the intricate balance between economic viability and ecological stewardship within the global dairy industry. Dairy production, while essential for providing vital nutrients and supporting livelihoods, faces increasing scrutiny due to its environmental impact. This review explores the challenges and opportunities of achieving sustainability in dairy farming, considering factors such as greenhouse gas emissions, resource use, biodiversity conservation, and consumer preferences. It delves into the economic dimensions of dairy sustainability, discussing strategies for optimizing efficiency, reducing costs, and enhancing market competitiveness. Additionally, the paper examines the ecological imperatives of dairy farming, exploring practices and innovations aimed at minimizing environmental impact, improving resource utilization, and promoting ecosystem health. Furthermore, it investigates consumer perceptions, preferences, and willingness to pay for sustainably produced dairy products, highlighting the role of market mechanisms and policy interventions in driving demand for environmentally friendly options. Finally, the paper discusses policy frameworks, market mechanisms, and institutional arrangements to support the transition towards sustainable dairy systems, emphasizing the importance of collaboration, innovation, and accountability across stakeholders. Overall, the paper provides insights into the complex dynamics of economic and ecological sustainability in dairy production, offering pathways for achieving a more sustainable and resilient future for the industry.
Brkić et al. (Sat,) studied this question.