Climate changes and food-borne pathogens: the impact on human health and mitigation strategy

Abstract Climate change has emerged as a major pressing global issue with far-reaching implications for human health, such as the emerging and spread of food-borne pathogens. Food-borne pathogens are microorganisms that can cause illness in humans, from mild discomfort to life-threatening diseases, through the consumption of contaminated food or water. The impact of climate change on food-borne pathogens is multifaceted and includes changes in the environment, agriculture, and human behavior. This review article examines the effect of climate change on food-borne pathogens, explores the connection between climate change and food-borne illness, records the current evidence on the effects of climate change on food-borne pathogens and potential consequences for human health, highlights knowledge gaps and areas for further research, and summarizes the strategies for mitigation and adaptation. Understanding the delicate relationship between climate change and food-borne infections makes it possible to maintain food systems and defend the health and well-being of populations worldwide.