Wireless optimization for sensor networks using IoT-based clustering and routing algorithms

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are among the most prominent current technologies. Its popularity has skyrocketed because of its capacity to operate in difficult situations. The WSN market encompasses various industries, including building automation, security networks, healthcare systems, logistics, and military operations. Therefore, increasing the energy efficiency of these networks is of utmost importance. Hierarchical topology, which typically uses a clustering methodology, is one of the most well-known methods for WSN energy optimization. To achieve energy efficiency in WSN, hierarchical topology low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) was first introduced, and this served as the foundation. However, conventional LEACH has several limitations, which have led to extensive research into improving LEACH’s efficacy in its current form. The use of particular algorithms and strategies to enhance the functionality of the conventional LEACH protocol forms the basis of ongoing efforts. Utilizing this enhanced LEACH, performance in terms of throughput and network life may be enhanced by concentrating on elements such as cluster head formation and transmission energy consumption. The enhanced LEACH algorithm demonstrates significant improvements in both throughput and network lifetime compared with conventional LEACH. Through rigorous experimentation, it was found that the enhanced algorithm increases the throughput by 25% on average, which is attributed to its dynamic clustering and optimized routing strategies. Furthermore, the network lifetime is extended by approximately 30%, primarily because of enhanced energy efficiency through adaptive clustering and transmission power control.