Optimal conceptual theory: Integrating spirituality, mind, and body through Africana concepts

Abstract Optimal conceptual theory (OCT) is a holistic model espousing a person's reality is simultaneously spiritual and material, encapsulating biological, social, cognitive, and spiritual elements, conceptualized through an Africana worldview. Although created over 31 years ago, very little literature exists examining OCT as a viable counseling theory with clients. The purpose of this article is to correct that trend and provide a brief case example illustrating how to utilize OCT in a counseling setting.