Sound as idea and matter: the problem of the nature of sound in the context of subject-object relations

The subject of the research is the conceptualization of sound as the embodiment of subject-object interaction, prioritizing one of the sides of the cultural and natural world. The article attempts, based on the analysis of two opposing discourses about sound – subject-oriented and object-oriented – to present the field of sound research as a space of continuous questioning, the image of which reflects any changes in ontological paradigms. The subject-oriented approach to sound is considered as a conceptual successor to the "linguistic turn" in the humanities. In this context, sound is understood as a noumenon, which is fundamentally inaccessible to direct comprehension and appears to us only in the form of a model of the sound already symbolically ordered and marked by a linguistic subject. The object-oriented approach is rooted in the "ontological turn", which received wide resonance in the 20th century, and, on the contrary, interprets sound as a force regardless of the subject's being, preceding any cultural and linguistic unfolding as a virtual sub-base. Comparative analysis and contextual analysis are used as research methods. Comparative analysis is necessary to compare opposite approaches to the nature of sound, to identify similarities and differences that are not explicitly fixed. Contextual analysis clarifies key concepts and ideas within specific texts and the cultural and social conditions in which these texts were created. Having explicated the essence of both approaches and identified problematic aspects in each of them, the author suggests turning to the middle way, synthesizing materialistic and constructivist tendencies. This "materially symbolic" approach points to the illegality of the traditional explication of the concepts of subject and object, taken in a universalized and abstract way, and states the need to revise these terms through the prism of cultural and political determinants that unite knowledge and being, in particular from the standpoint of feminist and racial epistemologies. This approach focuses our attention on the bodily practices of producing knowledge and suggests taking into account cultural associations arising from the material life of sound. The main conclusion of the article is that we must critically rethink the concepts of the subject and object of sound research from the point of view of situational, historically conditioned material and social practices in order to get closer to understanding sound as such.