First‐in‐human use of a new robotic electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopic platform with integrated Tool‐in‐Lesion Tomosynthesis (TiLT) technology for peripheral pulmonary lesions: The FRONTIER study

Abstract Background and Objective As the presentation of pulmonary nodules increases, the importance of a safe and accurate method of sampling peripheral pulmonary nodules is highlighted. First‐generation robotic bronchoscopy has successfully assisted navigation and improved peripheral reach during bronchoscopy. Integrating tool‐in‐lesion tomosynthesis (TiLT) may further improve yield. Methods We performed a first‐in‐human clinical trial of a new robotic electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy system with integrated digital tomosynthesis technology (Galaxy System, Noah Medical). Patients with moderate‐risk peripheral pulmonary nodules were enrolled in the study. Robotic bronchoscopy was performed using electromagnetic navigation with TiLT‐assisted lesion guidance. Non‐specific results were followed up until either a clear diagnosis was achieved or repeat radiology at 6 months demonstrated stability. Results Eighteen patients (19 nodules) were enrolled. The average lesion size was 20 mm, and the average distance from the pleura was 11.6 mm. The target was successfully reached in 100% of nodules, and the biopsy tool was visualized inside the target lesion in all cases. A confirmed specific diagnosis was achieved in 17 nodules, 13 of which were malignant. In one patient, radiological monitoring confirmed a true non‐malignant result. This translates to a yield of 89.5% (strict) to 94.7% (intermediate). Complications included one pneumothorax requiring observation only and another requiring an overnight chest drain. There was one case of severe pneumonia following the procedure. Conclusion In this first‐in‐human study, second‐generation robotic bronchoscopy using electromagnetic navigation combined with integrated digital tomosynthesis was feasible with an acceptable safety profile and demonstrated a high diagnostic yield for small peripheral lung nodules. image