Formation of the doctrine of Russian liberalism at the end of the 19th century

The formation of Russian liberalism in the 19th century doctrinally followed the path of historically determined development in the context of the Western-centric paradigm. However, political events in Russia at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries made significant adjustments to the further development of liberal ideology. Based on institutional and historical-comparative approaches, a study was conducted of the theoretical heritage of Russian liberalism, its features were noted, and it was proven that the contribution of Russian scientists of the late 19th century can become the basis for developing a strategy for the further development of Russian statehood in the modern geopolitical situation.