Effect of zinc sulfate on biochemical parameters, histopathological, histochemical and immunological in male albino rats

All tissues contain zinc, the most prevalent intracellular trace element. Muscle and bone contain the highest amounts of zinc. A subchronic toxicity study was carried out to determine the effects of overdose from zinc sulphate induced biochemical and histopathological changes in the rats' liver, stomach, pancreas, kidney, brain, and spleen. Forty male albino rats were used in this study. Twenty, forty, and sixty mg/kg of zinc sulphate were given to the second group during the six-week study period, while the first group served as the control. Samples of the liver, kidney, and serum were collected for examination. The histological changes seen during the study were restricted to the rats at the dose rate of 60 mg/kg body weight, with the exception of vacuolation in the brains and hemosiderosis in the spleens of rats exposed to zinc alone. Degenerated mucosal epithelial cells involving the glands and muscular mucosa were observed under a microscope in the stomachs of the rats. Hepatic cell degeneration was observed, especially in the liver portal regions of the rats. Tubular necrosis, glomerular degeneration, and mononuclear cell infiltration into the tubule interstices were found during the histopathological examination of the kidneys. One of the most noticeable changes in the brains that was seen was neuronal degeneration. Rat spleens with both the white and red pulps showed degenerated pancreatic acinar cells and depopulated splenic cells. In comparison to the control group, there has been a significant (p≤0.01) increase in the serum levels of biochemistry tests. The histological findings show multi focal nephritis and leucocyte infiltration in the kidney, along with perivascular leucocyte infiltration and hepatic degeneration. Rats' histopathological changes in the stomach, liver, kidney, brain, pancreas, and spleen were found to be improved when zinc supplements were given to them; the histoarchitecture of the rats' organs was only slightly altered.