Long-Term Socioeconomic and Mental Health Changes After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Women and Men

BACKGROUND: Long-term effects of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) may affect the ability to work and mental health. Our aim was to analyze 5-year changes in socioeconomic and mental health outcomes after OHCA in women and men. METHODS: We included 259 women and 996 men from North Holland, the Netherlands, who survived 30 days after OHCA occurred between 2009 and 2015. We assessed changes in employment, income, primary earner status, and anxiety/depression (using medication proxies) from the year before the OHCA to 5 years after with generalized linear mixed models, stratified by sex. We tested differences in changes by sex with interaction terms. Additionally, we explored yearly changes. The 5-year changes after OHCA were compared with changes in a sex- and age-matched sample of people without OHCA. Differences were tested using an interaction term of time and OHCA status. RESULTS: In both women and men (median age Q1, Q3: 51 45, 55 and 54 48, 57 years, respectively), decreases from before OHCA to 5 years thereafter were observed in the proportion employed (from 72.8% to 53.4% women and 80.9% to 63.7% men) and the median income. No change in primary earner status was observed in either sex. Dispensing of anxiety/depression medication increased only in women, especially after 1 year (odds ratio, 5.68 95% CI, 2.05–15.74) and 5 years (odds ratio, 5.73 95% CI, 1.88–17.53). Notable differences between women and men were observed for changes in primary earner status and anxiety/depression medication (eg, at year 1, odds ratio for women, 6.71 95% CI, 1.96–23.01; and for men, 0.69 95% CI, 0.33–1.45). However, except for anxiety/depression medication in women, similar changes were also observed in the general population. CONCLUSIONS: OHCA survivors experience changes in employment, income, and primary earner status similar to the general population. However, women who survived OHCA more often received anxiety/depression medication in the years following OHCA.