Loading of the Tractor's Driving Wheels as Part of the Combined Unit

The load on the driving wheels of the tractor as part of the combined unit was studied. Energy-saturated universal row-crop integrated circuit tractor of class 2 with driving twin wheels of the same size, performing a technological operation in the inter-rows of row crops as part of a mounted wide-cut combined unit KRSh-8.1+NP-5.4+LTZ-155+KRSh-8.1 was used as a research object. The strain gauge method was used to determine the output load characteristics; paper-based wire strain gauges were used as the primary signal source, and inductive non-contact accelerometer and trackmeasuring wheel sensors were used to evaluate kinematic parameters. The results of processing a large number of oscillograms showed that with an increase in the forward speed of the tractor, the total traction force of the cultivators also increases. The reason is an increase in the frequency of dynamic effects of soil resistance on the working parts of mounted equipment and the microprofile of the supporting surface on the tractor wheels, and the higher the speed, the more intense the traction force increases. It has been established that an increase in the total traction force of cultivators leads to an increase in torque on the wheels of the tractor, with the rear linkage and rear axle being loaded more than the front ones by 15...20%. Based on the torque value, the traction and energy performance of the tractor as part of the unit is assessed, and the engine power utilization factor is determined. Based on the amount of power expended to overcome the traction force from the working equipment when performing a particular technological operation, it is possible to optimize the combined unit, both in terms of speed and load modes. The dependence of the wheel slip coefficient on traction force was obtained, which allows not only to determine the magnitude and intensity of tractor wheel slip, but also to evaluate the traction properties of the soil, which determine the traction capabilities of an agricultural wheeled tractor.