The Meaning of “Xingfen 性分” in Guo Xiang’s Thought

This paper examines the controversies surrounding Guo Xiang’s concept of “xingfen 性分” in his Commentary on the Zhuangzi . Critics argue that Guo Xiang views “xing” as innate nature, which leads to criticism of his political philosophy, claiming that he advocates rigid social positions without room for mobility. In contrast, this paper argues that Guo Xiang’s concept of “xingfen” is not fixed but subject to change. He suggests that understanding one’s “xing” comes through observation and trial-and-error. The paper contends that Guo Xiang’s political philosophy encourages individuals, regardless of social status, to discover their abilities through their existential state and emotional responses. By engaging in learning and practice, individuals can unleash their potential in a manageable way. Moreover, Guo Xiang’s philosophy reminds individuals not to undertake tasks beyond their capacity solely for reputation, as it may harm their well-being and lead to societal disorder.