Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Wormwood (Artemisia Absinthium L.), Growing in the Western Region of Azerbaijan

Wormwood (Artemisia absinthium L.) is a widespread plant species in the Western region of Azerbaijan. The dependence of the composition, quantity and growth of various biologically active substances contained in the above-ground parts of wormwood on the vegetation period and climatic conditions was studied. The results of the study of the essential oil obtained by the steam distillation method from wet and dry samples of the aerial parts of bitter wormwood are presented. The yield of essential oil is determined in % in terms of the weight of air-dried raw materials. The study of the yield of essential oil was different months of the year showed that its amount varies depending on the vegetation period (yield of 0.56-0.66% by mass of fresh raw materials; yield of 0.58-0.77% by mass of dry raw materials). The composition of volatile distillates was studied by the chromatography method. In all samples, the amount of camphor component, which belongs to oxygenated terpenoid hydrocarbons, prevailed with a percentage above 35%. 25.44-34.24% phase budding in June for fresh and dry plant material; 25.14-35.21% phase mass flowering in August; it was determined between 25.67-35.20% phase the seed ripening in September.