Brain white matter alterations in military service members after a remote mild traumatic brain injury

In this study, we applied non-Gaussian diffusion MRI, including bi-tensor diffusion tensor imaging, diffusion kurtosis imaging, neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging and fixel-based analysis, to assess white matter disruption after a remote brain injury. The findings of both increased and decreased orientation distribution index over the forceps major and forceps minor of the corpus callous, along with increased fiber density and fiber cross-sectional area of fiber bundle over the anterior frontal region suggests a mixed pattern of white matter alterations, e.g. loosely white matter such as gliosis along with neuroplasticity and brain repair after a remote mild traumatic brain injury.