Methodological foundations of preservation and enrichment of highly decorative green spaces in historical parks: review

Historic parks highly decorative green spaces protection and enrichment is a crucial task in the cultural heritage and biodiversity preservation since after a great many years of operation, historical parks lose their original appearance and, therefore, need some reconstruction to preserve their uniqueness. There previous studies have proven that historical parks green areas preservation and enhancement requires an integrated approach along with taking into account many aspects. i.e. historical, biological, landscape and social. Foreign experience suggests including the task of adapting the objects to the modern requirements of the 21st century or taking into account climate change into the historical parks renovation. Currently, most of the historical parks are in an unsatisfactory state. Hence, the formation of a system of effective methods of preservation and reconstruction of historically valuable landscape park compositions is of particular relevance. Plants that transform themselves in the process of aging, as well as under the pressure of anthropogenic influence, climatic changes or other factors make the basis of historical parks landscapes. Parks reconstruction involves the implementation of a set of measures aimed at restoration and modernization with which results in improving their functional, aesthetic, ecological and social characteristics, preserve their historical and cultural significance. Running these works requires carrying out a multidisciplinary inventory and landscape assessment not only of introduced species, but of ancient trees of aboriginal breeds as well. It is also worth considering the factor of allelopathic soil fatigue caused by the species longstanding (sometimes even for centuries) cultivation in the same places. It was concluded that the methodological basis for the preservation, enhancement, maintenance and development of historical parks plant compositions and the creation of highly decorative and ecologically effective plantations on their basis should be based on a three-level structure comprising statistical-analytical, experimental and statistical-modeling studies. Comprehensive studies of the inventory direction are also of great importance. Key words: methodological foundations, historical park, green areas, historical landscape, park, reconstruction.