The Paradigm of Political Realism in the Study of International Organizations

Abstract. Theorists of political realism consider states to be the main players in the international arena, while international organizations are given a secondary role. In their research, realists come to the conclusion that the key component in international relations is power and authority. This article presents the main paradigms and approaches of theoretical realism in relation to international organizations. Drawing on the history of the League of Nations, United Nations and other international organizations, political realists are skeptical of institutionalism, which views norms and rules as the basis of world politics. Along with this, realists argue that international institutions are based on the interaction of power and national interests in the international system. At the same time, they emphasize that international organizations cannot force a strong state to obey rules that do not meet its interests. The article analyzes the policies of “strong” and “weak” states during voting, when influential international players seek to influence the voting of their supporters and opponents in international organizations. The interest of states in participating in voting is to gain leverage over stronger partners on issues of interest to them in international institutions.