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Abstract BACKGROUND The crucial role of insect chitinase in molting, pupation, and emergence renders it a promising target for pest control strategies. Despite the extensive investigation of chitinase genes in various pests, there is still a lack of systematic identification and functional analysis related to aphid chitinase. RESULTS We systematically identified a total of nine chitinase/chitinase‐like genes and one ENGase gene, which included eight Cht genes, one IDGF gene, and one ENGase gene. Through phylogenetic analysis, the chitinase proteins were classified into nine distinct groups (I, II, III, V, VI, VIII, X, other, and ENGase). The expression profile revealed that the epidermis exhibited relatively high expression levels for three chitinase genes: MpCht5 , MpCht7 , and MpCht10 . Furthermore, transcriptional levels of nine chitinase genes were up‐regulated following treatment with 20‐hydroxyecdysone (20E) hormone. Silencing MpCht3 , MpCht5 , MpCht7 , MpCht10 , and MpCht11‐2 via RNA interference (RNAi) during the molting stage resulted in nymph shrinking, hindering normal molting and leading to death. Additionally, it was observed that silencing of MpIDGF induced the body color of the aphids to change from reddish brown to colorless after molting, culminating in eventual mortality. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that chitinase/chitinase‐like genes play a crucial role in the molting process of Myzus persicae . Utilizing RNAi technology, we aimed to elucidate the precise function of MpCht genes in the molting mechanism of M. persicae , this discovery establishes a significant theoretical foundation for future research on aphid control, with chitinase as the target. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Zhang et al. (Wed,) studied this question.