Lower Perceived Social Support Associated With Greater Hopelessness in Patients After an Acute Ischemic Heart Disease Event

BACKGROUND: Hopelessness is present in up 52% of patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Lower perceived social support (PSS) has been associated with greater hopelessness in a pilot study of patients with IHD reporting moderate-severe hopelessness but has not been examined in a larger sample reporting none-severe levels of hopelessness and while controlling for covariates. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between PSS and hopelessness in patients with IHD. METHODS: Using a cross-sectional design, 178 participants were enrolled while hospitalized for an IHD event at 1 large hospital in the United States. Data collection occurred 2 weeks after hospital discharge using the State-Trait Hopelessness Scale, ENRICHD Social Support Inventory, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, a demographic form, and a medical record abstraction form. Linear models were used to assess the association between variables in unadjusted models and models adjusted for demographic and medical history. RESULTS: Most participants were male (67%), married (67%), and non-Hispanic White (92%) and underwent coronary artery bypass surgery (61%). There was a moderate inverse correlation between PSS and state ( r = -0.31, P < .001) and trait ( r = -0.28, P < .001) hopelessness in unadjusted models. The relationships remained significant in adjusted models and did not differ by sex, type of IHD event, or marital status. CONCLUSIONS: Lower PSS was associated with greater hopelessness in patients with IHD. Assessing PSS and hopelessness during hospitalization for an IHD event may enable clinicians to provide targeted interventions to reduce risk of hopelessness and improve secondary prevention in patients with IHD.