Cardiovascular disease prevention in chronic kidney disease requires addressing both traditional and CKD-specific risk factors using emerging pharmacological strategies despite persistent data gaps.
This review outlines current strategies and challenges in preventing cardiovascular disease among patients with chronic kidney disease, emphasizing the need for targeted guidelines.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) presents a significant burden on global health, with cardiovascular disease (CVD) being a leading cause of mortality in this population. Despite advancements in pharmacotherapies, preventing CVD in CKD patients remains challenging due to the intricate interplay of traditional risk factors and novel pathophysiological processes. This review aims to elucidate the current understanding of CVD prevention in CKD, encompassing epidemiology, risk factors, diagnostic considerations, and pharmacological therapeutic strategies. CKD patients exhibit a unique cardiovascular risk profile characterized by traditional risk factors such as hypertension and dyslipidemia, as well as CKD-specific factors including albuminuria, vascular calcification, and valvulopathies. The utility of coronary artery calcium scoring in risk stratification and the efficacy of aspirin, lipid-lowering agents, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, and nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in CVD prevention are discussed. Despite promising findings, challenges such as lack of specific guidelines and data gaps persist, highlighting the need for multidisciplinary efforts to address the CVD burden in the CKD population effectively. Further research is warranted to optimize preventative strategies and improve outcomes in this high-risk population.
Naami et al. (Wed,) conducted a review in Chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular disease prevention in chronic kidney disease requires addressing both traditional and CKD-specific risk factors using emerging pharmacological strategies despite persistent data gaps.