A high-fat, high-sugar, and high-salt diet induced metabolic syndrome and caused contrasting effects on vascular function with and without perivascular adipose tissue between male and female mice.
Does a high-fat, high-sugar, high-salt diet induce sex-specific changes in aortic function and inflammation in a mouse model of metabolic syndrome?
A novel diet-induced metabolic syndrome mouse model reveals significant sexual dimorphism in how perivascular adipose tissue regulates vascular function.
p-value: p=<0.05
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) expansion promotes inflammation and vascular dysfunction in metabolic syndrome (MetS), but the sexual dimorphisms of PVAT are poorly understood. Using a new mouse model of diet-induced MetS, we characterized the aorta and determined the influence of PVAT on vascular function in males and females. Six-week-old C57BL/6 mice were fed either a high-fat diet (43% kcal in food) with high sugar and salt in their drinking water (10% high fructose corn syrup and 0.9% NaCl; HFSS), or a normal chow diet (NCD) for 10 weeks. The aorta was characterized at endpoint using pin myography, flow cytometry, bulk RNA-sequencing, GSEA analysis, and histology. Compared to NCD-fed mice, HFSS-fed mice displayed higher weight gain, fasting blood glucose, systolic blood pressure, aortic fibrosis, and perivascular adipocyte cross-sectional area, regardless of sex (p < .05). Circulating adiponectin levels were also higher in HFSS-fed males compared to NCD males. PVAT enhanced U46619-mediated contraction in HFSS males only. HFSS increased the expression of immune regulation genes in female PVAT and ion transport genes in male PVAT but had no effect on total numbers of immune cells in the aorta in either sex. Despite having similar effects on metabolic parameters in males and females, HFSS caused contrasting effects on vascular function with and without PVAT. These data highlight the sexual dimorphisms of PVAT in regulating the vasculature in healthy and diseased states.
Tran et al. (Tue,) conducted a other in Metabolic syndrome. High-fat diet with high sugar and salt (HFSS) vs. Normal chow diet (NCD) was evaluated on Weight gain, fasting blood glucose, systolic blood pressure, aortic fibrosis, and perivascular adipocyte cross-sectional area (p=<0.05). A high-fat, high-sugar, and high-salt diet induced metabolic syndrome and caused contrasting effects on vascular function with and without perivascular adipose tissue between male and female mice.