What is the clinical evidence from this study?

Study design: Cohort. Population: Acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) (n=586). Intervention: Triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index vs. Lower TyG index. Primary outcome: Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) within 30 days (OR 1.461, 95% CI 1.091-1.956, p=0.011).

May 6, 2025Open Access

Triglyceride-glucose index: a novel predictor of major adverse cardiovascular events and cerebrovascular events in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

RWRuibin WeiPanyu District Central Hospital QXQiang XiePanyu District Central Hospital JLJianhao LiPanyu District Central Hospital

Key Result

An elevated Triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index was significantly associated with an increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (OR 1.461) within 30 days in patients with acute STEMI.

Study Design

Type

Cohort (n=586)

Multicenter

Structured PICO

Does a higher Triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index predict the 30-day incidence of MACE and MACCE in patients with acute STEMI?

Population

586 patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention, followed for 30 days.

Exposure

Higher Triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index (evaluated as a continuous variable and in quartiles)

Comparator

Lower Triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index (lowest quartile used as reference)

Outcome

Incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) within 30 dayscomposite

The TyG index is an independent, linear predictor of short-term (30-day) MACE and MACCE in patients presenting with acute STEMI.

Main Result

Odds Ratio: 1.461 (95% CI 1.091–1.956)

p-value: p=0.011

Limitations

Single-center clinical study
Relatively small sample size
Lack of a long-term follow-up period

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Numerous studies have indicated the association of the triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) index with coronary artery disease, particularly myocardial infarction. However, limited mention exists regarding the predictive effects of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) in patients with ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI). This study aimed to investigate the predictive role of the TyG index on MACE and MACCE within 30 days in patients with STEMI. METHODS: This study enrolled 586 patients with STEMI and conducted lipid, glucose, and myocardial biochemical testing. The TyG index was calculated; univariate analysis, multivariate analysis, and logistic regression analysis were employed to further investigate the correlation of the TyG index with MACE and MACCE. Subsequently, restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis was conducted to determine whether they exhibit a linear correlation. RESULTS: The study reported 105 MACCE patients. The results revealed a significant positive correlation between the TyG index and the occurrence of MACE and MACCE (odds ratio OR = 1.461, 95% confidence interval CI 1.091-1.956, p = 0.011 and OR = 1.427, 95%CI 1.064-1.914, p = 0.017, respectively). In univariate and multivariate analysis, the TyG index remains correlated with MACE and MACCE even after adjusting for related variables. Subsequent RCS analysis, accounting for different factors such as age, white blood cell count, and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), indicated that the correlation of TyG index with MACE and MACCE remains linear (p-non-linear = 0.662, p-non-linear = 0.781, respectively). CONCLUSION: The TyG index effectively predicts MACE and MACCE in patients with STEMI within 30 days. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.

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