Unlocking the potential of the low FODMAP diet: comprehensive insights into clinical efficacy, microbiome modulation, and beyond

Many people, both children and adults, experience stomach and bowel problems like pain, bloating, and changes in bowel habits. These symptoms are common in conditions such as functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs). One dietary approach, called the low FODMAP diet (LFD), has been shown to help reduce these symptoms. The diet limits certain types of carbohydrates, called FODMAPs, which are found in foods like some fruits, vegetables, dairy products, and grains. These carbohydrates can ferment in the gut, causing discomfort in some people.This review looks at how the LFD works, its effectiveness, and its safety. Research shows that the diet can reduce symptoms for many people, particularly those with FGIDs, and it can also help people with IBD who experience additional gut symptoms even when their disease is not active. However, the LFD is a restrictive diet, which means it may be hard to follow and could lead to nutritional issues, especially in children, without professional support.The review also explores how the LFD affects gut bacteria, as the diet can reduce some beneficial bacteria. To make the diet more practical, researchers recommend working with dietitians to ensure it is followed safely and effectively. More studies are needed to understand the long-term impact of the LFD and how it can be adapted to different people's needs.This summary aims to explain the benefits and challenges of the LFD, highlighting the importance of professional guidance and further research to improve its use.