DSCnet: detection of drug and alcohol addiction mechanisms based on multi-angle feature learning from the hybrid representation of EEG

Introduction: Drug and alcohol addiction impair neurotransmitter systems, leading to severe physiological, psychological, and social issues. Electroencephalography (EEG) is commonly used to analyze addiction mechanisms, but traditional feature extraction methods such as time-frequency analysis, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and Independent Component Analysis (ICA) fail to capture complex relationships between variables. Methods: This paper proposes DSCnet, a novel neural network model for addiction detection. DSCnet combines embedding layers, skip connections, depthwise separable convolution, and our self-designed Directional Adaptive Feature Modulation (DAFM) module. DAFM is a key innovation that adaptively adjusts feature directionality, extracting global features from EEG signals while preserving spatiotemporal information. This enables the model to capture neural activity patterns related to addiction mechanisms. DSCnet uses a multi-angle feature extraction strategy, emphasizing information from various perspectives. Results: On the drug addiction dataset, DSCnet achieved 85.11% accuracy, 85.13% precision, 85.12% recall, and 85.12% F1-score. On the UCI alcohol addiction dataset, it achieved 84.56% accuracy, 84.73% precision, 84.56% recall, and 84.63% F1-score. Discussion: These results outperform existing models and demonstrate a balanced performance across both datasets, highlighting DSCnet's potential in addiction detection.