Hypertension remains a prevalent and significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases globally, necessitating effective and evolving treatment strategies. Contemporary pharmacological management of hypertension has shifted toward personalized therapy, emphasizing the use of novel drug classes alongside traditional agents. Current antihypertensive strategies include the use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, beta-blockers, and diuretics, often in combination, to optimize blood pressure control. Newer agents, such as direct renin inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) with enhanced efficacy, and selective aldosterone antagonists, have expanded treatment options, especially for patients with coexisting conditions like diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Additionally, the integration of fixed-dose combination therapies has improved adherence and patient outcomes. Personalized medicine, guided by genetic and phenotypic factors, further refines treatment regimens, ensuring better tolerability and effectiveness. As research continues, novel biomarkers and non-pharmacological interventions are also being explored to complement pharmacological therapies, ultimately aiming for a more holistic and effective approach to hypertension management.
Parveen et al. (Tue,) studied this question.