Dealing with specialist pathology: an unusual case of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome managed in the emergency department with point of care ultrasound

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is a well-known complication of assisted reproduction. The hyperstimulated ovaries release vasoactive substances that can increase capillary permeability, resulting in volume shift to the extravascular space and leading to hypovolemia, ascites and, in complicated cases, pleural and pericardial effusions, kidney and liver failure, shock. Point Of Care UltraSound (POCUS) can help the emergency physician to detect many of these complications, as well as guide their treatment. In this case report we present a patient at low risk for OHSS who recently underwent a successful in vitro fertilization, coming to the emergency department with an unusual complication of OHSS (an isolated pleural effusion), that has been safely and promptly diagnosed and treated in the emergency room with the help of POCUS, without any unnecessary exposition to ionizing radiations.