Food Security in India: Policy Challenges, Systemic Gaps and Sustainable Pathways

India’s progress toward food self-sufficiency has not translated into equitable access to nutrition for all. This study examines persistent barriers to food security, including economic disparities, supply chain inefficiencies and the climate-food nexus. By critically evaluating policy mechanisms such as the Public Distribution System (PDS) and the National Food Security Act (NFSA), the paper identifies structural gaps in distribution, procurement and implementation. Drawing on global and national indicators, the analysis highlights the urgent need for integrated reform spanning crop diversification, digital targeting, community-driven nutrition programs and sustainable agricultural practices. The proposed roadmap aims to align India's food security efforts with long-term development and resilience goals.