Parliamentary Procedures: On Constitutional and Legal Traditions of Regulation and Modern Development Trends (Russian Experience and Foreign Practice)

The problem of parliamentarism and the organizational support of parliamentary institutions is relevant in modern conditions both theoretically and practically. From this perspective, the object of the study is parliamentary procedures as an established order of operation of the legislative body, ensuring effective decision-making. In this context, the subject of the research focuses on the regulation of parliamentary procedures from the standpoint of constitutional and legal approaches, the traditions of parliamentary institutions, their functions, as well as based on the characteristics of parliamentarism and parliamentary forms of governance. Special attention must be paid to searching for reserves for the development of parliamentary procedures, primarily concerning the legislative process and other jurisdictional powers of the parliament that were added to the list of the powers of the Parliament of Russia after the constitutional reform of 2020. Modern trends in the development of parliamentary procedures influenced by information and communication technologies, primarily in the legislative process, are studied separately. The comparative legal method allows for the analysis of the regulation of parliamentary institutions at early historical stages, especially in European states, and to illustrate through specific practical examples the typology, similarities, and constancy of parliamentary procedures, such as the use of similar terms like parliamentary law, parliamentary practice, and legislative procedure in modern context. In the face of new challenges confronting contemporary states, it is essential to reflect on the transformation of legal institutions through digital categories. A logical conclusion in this context is the application of a digital approach to Parliament, defined by the term "electronic parliament," which raises the question of "electronic" parliamentary procedures, primarily in the legislative process and the development of specialized parliamentary platforms. It is particularly necessary to highlight the problem of differentiation in the regulation of procedures arising from the application of classical substantive norms and new digital technologies, which may soon become one of the key issues due to the conflicts arising from their interaction. However, the challenges of using AI, particularly in the legislative process, are difficult to recognize as particularly urgent, as the experience of its use appears to be rather controversial and not widely spread, largely due to the spontaneous nature of the informatization processes themselves. New legal standards for regulation, based on a common conceptual apparatus (glossary), are needed as the experience accumulates.