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September 10, 2025Open Access

Phytochemical Analysis and Antimicrobial Activity of iCarica Papaya /iSeed and Bark Against Selected Pathogens, in Case of Southern Ethiopia

Key Points

The methanol extract of carica papaya seeds showed the strongest antibacterial efficacy against E. coli and S. aureus.
Phytochemical analysis identified various bioactive chemicals including alkaloids and flavonoids, indicating medicinal potential.
Using broth dilution and agar diffusion methods, minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined for selected pathogens.
These findings support the therapeutic potential of carica papaya in developing natural antibacterial agents and health products.

Abstract

The phytochemical constitution and antibacterial properties of iCarica Papaya/i seeds and bark that have been collected from the West Guji district in Southern Ethiopia are examined in this study. This investigation aims to explore the traditional medicinal significance of the plant by analyzing its chemical makeup and biological activities. The study uses three extraction solvents methanol, petroleum ether, and ethyl acetate with the goal of identifying bioactive chemicals and evaluating their effectiveness against particular infections. These solvents were selected to ensure the extraction of a broad range of polar and non-polar compounds. Alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, terpenoids, glycosides, steroids, and phenolic chemicals were found in a variety of extracts using phytochemical screening, indicating a rich profile of secondary metabolites that are often associated with antimicrobial and therapeutic effects. The antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger was assessed using broth dilution techniques, which allowed for the determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations, while the antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) was assessed using the agar diffusion method, a standard approach to evaluate the inhibition zone diameter. With inhibitory zones that measured 12 mm for E. coli and 7 mm for S. aureus, the methanol extract of seeds had the strongest antibacterial efficacy, suggesting that polar phytochemicals present in methanol extracts may be particularly effective. These results demonstrate the therapeutic potential of C. papaya as a natural source of antibacterial agents and the necessity of more research into its bioactive components for possible medical uses, including drug development, formulation of alternative therapies, and its integration into natural health products.

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