Advancing medical training with augmented reality and haptic feedback simulator: outcomes of a randomized controlled trial on lumbar puncture

Lumbar puncture (LP) procedure can be challenging, creating stress for both patients and students. This study assesses the effectiveness of augmented reality (AR) and haptic feedback simulation training compared to traditional bedside teaching. We conducted a prospective, single center, randomized controlled clinical trial with two parallel groups of medical students inexperienced in LP. Students were randomized to either the simulation group or the control group receiving traditional bedside teaching. Patients requiring LPs as part of their routine care were randomized. The primary outcome was LP success rate. Secondary outcomes included procedure duration, complication rates and patient and student perceptions. The study included 55 patients (AR group: n = 29; control group: n = 26). LP success rates were similar between groups (AR: 46.4%, control: 40.0%; p = 0.9). Median procedure duration was shorter in the AR group (138 s IQR 37-454) compared to the control group (695 s IQR 15-900), though not statistically significant (p = 0.67). Patient pain and anxiety scores did not differ significantly, but patients reported greater ease and higher satisfaction with simulator-trained students. Students in the AR group expressed greater comfort performing the procedure (7/10 vs. 6/10; p = 0.04). Complication rates were low and comparable across groups. Although augmented reality simulation training did not improve LP success rate, it improved the procedural speed and student ease without compromising technical performance. Patients preferred to be handled by simulator-trained students. These findings support the integration of AR technologies in medical training to improve efficiency and relational skills. GOV: ID NCT05269238, Registration Date 2022-01-14.