The vitality of the Evenki language in the regions of the Russian Federation: a census-based approach

This article analyzes the current linguistic situation among the Evenks of Russia using data from the 2010 and 2020 All-Russian Population Censuses, supplemented by statistical data from the 1989 and 2002 censuses. A comparative analysis is conducted across selected federal subjects traditionally recognized as regions of primary or historical residence of the Evenk population: the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Khabarovsk Krai, Krasnoyarsk Krai, the Republic of Buryatia, Amur Oblast, Irkutsk Oblast, Zabaykalsky Krai, as well as Sakhalin Oblast, Tyumen Oblast, and Tomsk Oblast. The study employs a comprehensive methodology that integrates quantitative analysis of demolinguistic indicators with qualitative interpretation, drawing on findings from regional sociolinguistic surveys. The results reveal significant heterogeneity and multidirectional trends in ethnolinguistic processes across these regions. Specifically, the study identifies areas with relatively high levels of Evenki language vitality (e.g., Krasnoyarsk Krai, Amur Oblast), regions undergoing pronounced language shift (e.g., Tomsk Oblast), and regions occupying an intermediate position (e.g., the Republic of Sakha Yakutia, the Republic of Buryatia). Positive developments over the past decade are highlighted, including increased language loyalty, which has contributed to the intensification of language revitalization efforts in several regions. The study emphasizes the need for targeted and context-sensitive strategies to support the Evenki language, taking into account the specific linguistic and sociocultural conditions of each region.