Business Competition in the Expansion of Digital Corporations: A Legal Study of Anti-Competitive in the Technology Industry

The development of digital technology has revolutionized the global and national market structure to become more concentrated, with the dominance of giant tech corporations such as Google, Amazon, Meta, and Apple. Aggressive expansion carried out through killer acquisitions, predatory pricing, and strategic data mastery poses a serious challenge to the principle of healthy business competition as regulated in Law Number 5 of 1999. The legal norms in the law have not adequately addressed the complexity of anti-competitive practices in a dynamic, non-linear, algorithm-based digital ecosystem and big data. This study uses a normative juridical method with a comparative legal approach to examine the effectiveness of Law No. 5/1999 in overcoming digital dominance practices and evaluate existing regulatory gaps. The results of the analysis show the need for a legal reformulation that integrates an effect-based approach and the principles of digital market justice in response to the new market structure colored by network effects and inequality of data access. Recommendations include institutional strengthening of ICC, establishment of an ex-ante supervision mechanism, and harmonization of regulations with cross-sectoral authorities. This study offers a progressive model of digital competition law that is adaptive to technological dynamics and contextual to national legal needs, in order to create a fair, inclusive, and sustainable digital business competition ecosystem in Indonesia.