Corruption, Economic Growth, and Governance in the East African Region: Causes, Consequences, and Mitigation Strategies

Purpose: This study investigates the prevalence, causes, and consequences of corruption in the East African region, analyzing its relationship with governance and economic growth. The research seeks to identify the key determinants of corruption, assess its impact on institutional performance, and propose strategies for mitigation. Design/Methodology/Approach: A mixed-methods research design was employed, combining qualitative review of literature, policy documents, and institutional reports with quantitative analysis of secondary data, particularly Transparency International’s Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) and governance indicators. Findings: The findings reveal that corruption in East Africa is driven by political instability, weak institutions, poverty, and socio-cultural norms that tolerate unethical practices. The prevalence of corruption varies widely, with Seychelles achieving relatively strong governance and transparency, while Somalia and South Sudan rank among the most corrupt globally. The study confirms that lower levels of corruption are positively correlated with stronger governance systems and higher economic growth, while higher corruption levels exacerbate inequality, weaken institutions, and hinder development. Originality/Value: This research contributes to the literature by integrating empirical evidence and regional case studies, emphasizing the complex interplay between governance, corruption, and economic growth in East Africa. It highlights both the “sand the wheels” and “grease the wheels” hypotheses but shows stronger empirical support for the negative effects of corruption on economic performance. Practical Implications: The study suggests that anti-corruption strategies must be comprehensive, focusing on political stability, institutional strengthening, transparency, and public participation. It emphasizes that combating corruption is a collective responsibility requiring sustained commitment from governments, civil society, and international stakeholders.