A Study on Patterns of Dyslipidaemia in patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome in India – The Study patterns Dyslipedemia (STED)-Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) Study

Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a significant contributor to mortality and morbidity in the Asia–Pacific region which results from lipid buildup in arteries, forming blockages that restrict blood flow. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the patterns of dyslipidemia in patients with ACS. Materials and Methods: This single-center, observational study was conducted at a tertiary care center in India between December 2022 and December 2023. A total of 163 patients aged 20–70 years, diagnosed with ACS and admitted to the cardiac intensive care unit, were enrolled. Fasting lipid profiles, including total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TGs), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), were obtained within 24 h of admission. The patients with ACS were grouped into ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), non-STEMI (NSTEMI), and unstable angina (UA), classified based on clinical presentation, electrocardiographic changes, and cardiac biomarkers. Results: The mean age of participants was 53.67 ± 10.85 years, with a male predominance (77.9%). The STEMI was the most common diagnosis (85.9%), followed by UA (8.6%) and NSTEMI (5.5%). While the mean lipid values were comparable across ACS subtypes, distinct patterns emerged in the distribution of abnormal lipid levels. The STEMI patients more frequently exhibited elevated TG (45.7%) and abnormal VLDL levels (46.4%). UA patients had higher rates of elevated TC (44.4%) and LDL-C (66.7%). The NSTEMI patients more often presented with low HDL-C levels (57.1%). The TC/HDL and TG/HDL ratios were notably higher in the STEMI group. Conclusion: This study revealed distinct dyslipidemia patterns among ACS subtypes, highlighting the importance of comprehensive lipid profile in ACS management.