Abstract Extracting lithium from produced water and brine has gain attention to meet the growing global demand due to the technological advancements included nut not limited with electric vehicles, energy storage systems, and portable electronics. The conventional method for extracting lithium from brine and produced-water involves solar evaporation, where lithium-rich brine is pumped into large evaporation ponds, allowing the water to evaporate and increase the lithium concentration for further processing. However, while this method is commonly used, it suffers from several challenges, including environmental impact, technical complexity, high water consumption, long processing times and operational inefficiencies. Recent advancements have introduced Direct Lithium Extraction (DLE) technologies as a transformative alternative that is providing a more efficient and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional evaporation methods for extracting lithium form brine or produced water. DLE techniques employ various approaches such as adsorption, ion exchange, and solvent extraction to directly extract lithium from complex brines with high ionic concentrations. The shift towards DLE technologies offer faster processing, reduced environmental impact, and greater scalability aligning with sustainability goals and the urgent need for reliable lithium supplies in a rapidly growing market. Here, we focus on development of novel adsorbent system to extract low-concentrated lithium from brine and produced-water. This study presents the development of a novel metal oxide-based adsorbent system specifically engineered to extract lithium from low-concentration brine and produced water. The newly developed adsorbent demonstrates significantly enhanced lithium uptake compared to conventional metal adsorbents particularly under dilute conditions. This improvement is attributed to the material's unique structural and chemical characteristics, including its optimized composition, high surface area, and tailored morphology, which collectively promote more efficient lithium-ion environmentally responsible resource utilization. The findings of this study contribute to the advancement of next-generation lithium extraction technologies and align with global sustainability goals by promoting cleaner, faster, and more reliable methods for securing critical energy materials from unconventional sources such as produced water and low-grade brines.
Özden et al. (Tue,) studied this question.