Factor analysis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in junior high school students

Introduction. Scoliosis refers to a group of spinal conditions characterized by lateral curvature and vertebral rotation caused by multiple etiologies. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a structural spinal deformity with no clear cause, diagnosed when the spinal curvature exceeds 10 degrees, typically affecting individuals aged 10 to 18. Contributing factors may include genetic predisposition, abnormalities in skeletal muscle or connective tissue, biomechanical stress, and environmental factors such as backpack use and weight. Purpose. This study aimed to examine the factors associated with the risk of AIS in junior high school students. Methods. A descriptive observational design was used to identify risk factors for AIS. Data were collected using a 29-item questionnaire assessing clinical symptoms, personal habits, and sociodemographic variables. Results. Analysis showed that 47% of students with AIS were influenced by genetic factors, 34% by musculoskeletal abnormalities, and 19% by sociocultural conditions. A strong correlation was found between high-risk behavior and the prevalence of AIS. Conclusion. The study concludes that risk factors contributing to AIS in junior high school students include genetic, musculoskeletal, and sociocultural factors, as well as participation in high-risk physical activities.