You are the Driver and AI is the Mate: Exploring Human-Led Creative and Critical Thinking in AI-Augmented Learning Environments

Background This study delves into how university students in Ghana are using generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools to boost their creative and critical thinking skills in academic tasks. Methods By employing a convergent parallel mixed-methods approach, we gathered quantitative survey data from 490 participants and complemented it with qualitative insights from semi-structured interviews. Results The results show that AI tools spark idea generation and enhance evaluative reasoning, while students still feel a strong sense of agency, often fine-tuning or dismissing AI suggestions based on their own understanding. Nonetheless, there are ongoing concerns about ethical limits, dependency on technology, and insufficient training. Conclusions The study wraps up by suggesting that AI serves best as a cognitive partner when users are equipped with solid digital literacy and ethical guidance. We also discuss the implications for teaching, theory, and policy, offering recommendations for creating learner-centred AI integration in education.