Community Participation, Mediation and Advocacy to Harness the Developmental Benefits of Relocation of New Capital of Indonesia for Local Communities: Action Research Linking Community and Government Perspectives

ABSTRACT Introduction Indonesia's relocation of capital from Jakarta to Nusantara (Ibu Kota Negara IKN, East Kalimantan) presents economic, educational, health and business opportunities for local communities, as well as their hopes and fears. However, the potential benefits arising from the relocation are contingent upon communities' and government stakeholders' readiness to collaborate with each other. This study aimed to invoke community and stakeholder participation, identify community perspectives on needs, and understand relevant government departments' approaches to avail themselves of opportunities. Methods A community survey ( N = 402) was co‐designed by the research team, local health stakeholders and delivered to participants by local primary care staff. Qualitative interviews were conducted with seven ( n = 7) government stakeholders responsible for policy and planning in social welfare, health, environment, and sanitation, and a community organisation. A seminar with government stakeholders detailing the survey's findings included discussions about how to foster benefits for locals. Results Survey results highlighted that local communities held chiefly positive views on the impact of IKN development. These included enhanced transport networks, business and employment opportunities, and access to healthcare and education. Perceived challenges included local communities' relative disadvantage in competing with new, larger businesses; increased urbanisation; and environmental concerns, including dust pollution and flooding. The seven (7) interviews provided insights into the local and provincial government plans and actions with regard to employment and business opportunities, health, and the health care and the environment.