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October 16, 2025Open Access

Causality and stability of magnetohydrodynamics for an ultrarelativistic locally neutral two-component gas

Key Points

The analysis reveals that the relativistic magnetohydrodynamics framework is causally stable under various magnetic fields.
Key differences highlight that this theory contrasts with the Israel-Stewart formalism, particularly in the linear regime.
The study examines the model's application in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions, enhancing understanding of plasma dynamics.
Stability and causality findings hold for locally neutral two-component plasmas of massless particles around equilibrium.

Abstract

We investigate the causality and stability of the relativistic theory of magnetohydrodynamics derived in Phys. Rev. D 109, 096021 (2024) to describe a locally neutral two-component plasma of massless particles. We show that this formalism is linearly causal and stable around global equilibrium, for any value of the magnetic field and discuss its qualitative differences to the traditional Israel-Stewart formalism in the linear regime. Finally, we compare this framework with the magnetohydrodynamic model used in the study of astrophysical plasmas, in which only the longitudinal component of the shear-stress tensor is considered. We discuss the domain of applicability of this type of framework in the context of ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions.

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