Digital media have emerged as crucial players in facilitating new forms of interaction, fundamentally changing how we think about diplomacy and national security. The paper explores digital diplomacy, a modern strategy that enables direct communication between state actors, civic society, and diplomats via online channels. Data breaches, online radicalisation, and the challenges of establishing responsibility and legal accountability in cross-border cyberattacks are just a few of the serious issues brought about by the global nature of cyberspace. The issue is made even more complicated by the disjointed legal systems that often struggle to effectively tackle cross-border threats. The paper explores how national laws falter when cyberattacks occur outside of a nation's borders and draws attention to serious flaws in international law. It examines a range of regulation strategies within the context of international norms, including state-driven, self-regulatory, and cooperative models. These include the United States' sector-specific tactics, China's firm position on digital sovereignty, and the EU's emphasis on rights-based digital governance. Additionally, global efforts such as the Budapest Convention and the Tallinn Manual are viewed as important resources for fostering international collaboration. The rising relevance of digital diplomacy is particularly noticeable, especially as we tackle emerging technological hurdles. It's clear that we need stronger diplomatic education, better coordination among countries, and legally sound cooperation mechanisms to effectively tackle cyber threats in our interconnected world.
Baltezarević et al. (Wed,) studied this question.
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