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This is a Literature Review study.

October 20, 2025Open Access

Thromboangiitis obliterans: a rheumatologist’s perspective

Key Points

Thromboangiitis obliterans primarily affects small- and medium-sized vessels, leading to significant vascular complications.
The review outlines updated diagnostic criteria from 2023, enhancing the understanding of thromboangiitis obliterans.
Differential diagnosis for thromboangiitis obliterans includes various rheumatologic diseases to improve patient care.
In rare cases, cerebral and coronary vessels may also be involved, indicating broader systemic implications of the disease.

Abstract

Thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO), or Buerger’s disease, is a segmental thrombotic acute and chronic inflammatory process in small- and mediumsized arteries and veins, primarily of the upper and lower extremities. In rare cases, cerebral, coronary, renal, and mesenteric vessels may also be affected. This review describes the rheumatologic manifestations of TAO, outlines the spectrum of diseases for differential diagnosis, and presents the updated diagnostic criteria for TAO (2023).

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