Thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO), or Buerger’s disease, is a segmental thrombotic acute and chronic inflammatory process in small- and mediumsized arteries and veins, primarily of the upper and lower extremities. In rare cases, cerebral, coronary, renal, and mesenteric vessels may also be affected. This review describes the rheumatologic manifestations of TAO, outlines the spectrum of diseases for differential diagnosis, and presents the updated diagnostic criteria for TAO (2023).
Середавкина et al. (Sat,) studied this question.